Package java.lang

Class String

    • Constructor Summary

      Constructors 
      Constructor Description
      String()
      Initializes a newly created String object so that it represents an empty character sequence.
      String​(byte[] bytes)
      Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the platform's default charset.
      String​(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length)
      Constructs a new String by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the platform's default charset.
      String​(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length, String charsetName)
      Constructs a new String by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified charset.
      String​(byte[] bytes, String charsetName)
      Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified charset.
      String​(char[] value)
      Allocates a new String so that it represents the sequence of characters currently contained in the character array argument.
      String​(char[] value, int offset, int count)
      Allocates a new String that contains characters from a subarray of the character array argument.
      String​(String original)
      Initializes a newly created String object so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the newly created string is a copy of the argument string.
      String​(StringBuffer buffer)
      Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string buffer argument.
      String​(StringBuilder builder)
      Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string builder argument.

    • Method Summary

      All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      char charAt​(int index)
      Returns the char value at the specified index.
      int compareTo​(String anotherString)
      Compares two strings lexicographically.
      int compareToIgnoreCase​(String str)
      Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case differences.
      String concat​(String str)
      Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
      boolean contains​(CharSequence s)
      Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.
      boolean contentEquals​(CharSequence cs)
      Compares this string to the specified CharSequence.
      boolean contentEquals​(StringBuffer sb)
      Compares this string to the specified StringBuffer.
      static String copyValueOf​(char[] data)
      Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
      static String copyValueOf​(char[] data, int offset, int count)
      Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
      boolean endsWith​(String suffix)
      Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.
      boolean equals​(Object anObject)
      Compares this string to the specified object.
      boolean equalsIgnoreCase​(String anotherString)
      Compares this String to another String, ignoring case considerations.
      byte[] getBytes()
      Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes using the platform's default charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
      byte[] getBytes​(String charsetName)
      Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes using the named charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
      void getChars​(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)
      Copies characters from this string into the destination character array.
      int hashCode()
      Returns a hash code for this string.
      int indexOf​(int ch)
      Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character.
      int indexOf​(int ch, int fromIndex)
      Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
      int indexOf​(String str)
      Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
      int indexOf​(String str, int fromIndex)
      Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
      String intern()
      Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
      boolean isEmpty()
      Returns true if, and only if, length() is 0.
      int lastIndexOf​(int ch)
      Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character.
      int lastIndexOf​(int ch, int fromIndex)
      Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character, searching backward starting at the specified index.
      int lastIndexOf​(String str)
      Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
      int lastIndexOf​(String str, int fromIndex)
      Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward starting at the specified index.
      int length()
      Returns the length of this string.
      boolean regionMatches​(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len)
      Tests if two string regions are equal.
      boolean regionMatches​(int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len)
      Tests if two string regions are equal.
      String replace​(char oldChar, char newChar)
      Returns a new string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldChar in this string with newChar.
      String replace​(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement)
      Replaces each substring of this string that matches the literal target sequence with the specified literal replacement sequence.
      boolean startsWith​(String prefix)
      Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
      boolean startsWith​(String prefix, int toffset)
      Tests if the substring of this string beginning at the specified index starts with the specified prefix.
      CharSequence subSequence​(int beginIndex, int endIndex)
      Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
      String substring​(int beginIndex)
      Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
      String substring​(int beginIndex, int endIndex)
      Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
      char[] toCharArray()
      Converts this string to a new character array.
      String toLowerCase()
      Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case using the rules of the default locale.
      String toString()
      This object (which is already a string!) is itself returned.
      String toUpperCase()
      Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case using the rules of the default locale.
      String trim()
      Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted.
      static String valueOf​(boolean b)
      Returns the string representation of the boolean argument.
      static String valueOf​(char c)
      Returns the string representation of the char argument.
      static String valueOf​(char[] data)
      Returns the string representation of the char array argument.
      static String valueOf​(char[] data, int offset, int count)
      Returns the string representation of a specific subarray of the char array argument.
      static String valueOf​(double d)
      Returns the string representation of the double argument.
      static String valueOf​(float f)
      Returns the string representation of the float argument.
      static String valueOf​(int i)
      Returns the string representation of the int argument.
      static String valueOf​(long l)
      Returns the string representation of the long argument.
      static String valueOf​(Object obj)
      Returns the string representation of the Object argument.

    • Field Detail

      • CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER

        public static final Comparator<String> CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER
        A Comparator that orders String objects as by compareToIgnoreCase. This comparator is serializable.

    • Constructor Detail

      • String

        public String()
        Initializes a newly created String object so that it represents an empty character sequence. Note that use of this constructor is unnecessary since Strings are immutable.

      • String

        public String​(byte[] bytes)
        Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the platform's default charset. The length of the new String is a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array.
        Parameters:
        bytes - The bytes to be decoded into characters

      • String

        public String​(byte[] bytes,
              int offset,
              int length)
        Constructs a new String by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the platform's default charset. The length of the new String is a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray.
        Parameters:
        bytes - The bytes to be decoded into characters
        offset - The index of the first byte to decode
        length - The number of bytes to decode
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - If the offset and the length arguments index characters outside the bounds of the bytes array

      • String

        public String​(byte[] bytes,
              int offset,
              int length,
              String charsetName)
       throws UnsupportedEncodingException
        Constructs a new String by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified charset. The length of the new String is a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the subarray.
        Parameters:
        bytes - The bytes to be decoded into characters
        offset - The index of the first byte to decode
        length - The number of bytes to decode
        charsetName - The name of a supported charset
        Throws:
        UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named charset is not supported
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - If the offset and length arguments index characters outside the bounds of the bytes array

      • String

        public String​(byte[] bytes,
              String charsetName)
       throws UnsupportedEncodingException
        Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified charset. The length of the new String is a function of the charset, and hence may not be equal to the length of the byte array.
        Parameters:
        bytes - The bytes to be decoded into characters
        charsetName - The name of a supported charset
        Throws:
        UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named charset is not supported

      • String

        public String​(char[] value)
        Allocates a new String so that it represents the sequence of characters currently contained in the character array argument. The contents of the character array are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.
        Parameters:
        value - The initial value of the string

      • String

        public String​(char[] value,
              int offset,
              int count)
        Allocates a new String that contains characters from a subarray of the character array argument. The offset argument is the index of the first character of the subarray and the count argument specifies the length of the subarray. The contents of the subarray are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.
        Parameters:
        value - Array that is the source of characters
        offset - The initial offset
        count - The length
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - If the offset and count arguments index characters outside the bounds of the value array

      • String

        public String​(String original)
        Initializes a newly created String object so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the newly created string is a copy of the argument string. Unless an explicit copy of original is needed, use of this constructor is unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
        Parameters:
        original - A String

      • String

        public String​(StringBuffer buffer)
        Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string buffer argument. The contents of the string buffer are copied; subsequent modification of the string buffer does not affect the newly created string.
        Parameters:
        buffer - A StringBuffer

      • String

        public String​(StringBuilder builder)
        Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string builder argument. The contents of the string builder are copied; subsequent modification of the string builder does not affect the newly created string.

        This constructor is provided to ease migration to StringBuilder. Obtaining a string from a string builder via the toString method is likely to run faster and is generally preferred.

        Parameters:
        builder - A StringBuilder

    • Method Detail

      • copyValueOf

        public static String copyValueOf​(char[] data)
        Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
        Parameters:
        data - the character array.
        Returns:
        a String that contains the characters of the character array.

      • copyValueOf

        public static String copyValueOf​(char[] data,
                                 int offset,
                                 int count)
        Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
        Parameters:
        data - the character array.
        offset - initial offset of the subarray.
        count - length of the subarray.
        Returns:
        a String that contains the characters of the specified subarray of the character array.

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(boolean b)
        Returns the string representation of the boolean argument.
        Parameters:
        b - a boolean.
        Returns:
        if the argument is true, a string equal to "true" is returned; otherwise, a string equal to "false" is returned.

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(char c)
        Returns the string representation of the char argument.
        Parameters:
        c - a char.
        Returns:
        a string of length 1 containing as its single character the argument c.

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(char[] data)
        Returns the string representation of the char array argument. The contents of the character array are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.
        Parameters:
        data - a char array.
        Returns:
        a newly allocated string representing the same sequence of characters contained in the character array argument.

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(char[] data,
                             int offset,
                             int count)
        Returns the string representation of a specific subarray of the char array argument.

        The offset argument is the index of the first character of the subarray. The count argument specifies the length of the subarray. The contents of the subarray are copied; subsequent modification of the character array does not affect the newly created string.

        Parameters:
        data - the character array.
        offset - the initial offset into the value of the String.
        count - the length of the value of the String.
        Returns:
        a string representing the sequence of characters contained in the subarray of the character array argument.
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - if offset is negative, or count is negative, or offset+count is larger than data.length.

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(double d)
        Returns the string representation of the double argument.

        The representation is exactly the one returned by the Double.toString method of one argument.

        Parameters:
        d - a double.
        Returns:
        a string representation of the double argument.
        See Also:
        Double.toString(double)

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(float f)
        Returns the string representation of the float argument.

        The representation is exactly the one returned by the Float.toString method of one argument.

        Parameters:
        f - a float.
        Returns:
        a string representation of the float argument.
        See Also:
        Float.toString(float)

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(int i)
        Returns the string representation of the int argument.

        The representation is exactly the one returned by the Integer.toString method of one argument.

        Parameters:
        i - an int.
        Returns:
        a string representation of the int argument.
        See Also:
        Integer.toString(int, int)

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(long l)
        Returns the string representation of the long argument.

        The representation is exactly the one returned by the Long.toString method of one argument.

        Parameters:
        l - a long.
        Returns:
        a string representation of the long argument.
        See Also:
        Long.toString(long)

      • valueOf

        public static String valueOf​(@Nullable
                             Object obj)
        Returns the string representation of the Object argument.
        Parameters:
        obj - an Object.
        Returns:
        if the argument is null, then a string equal to "null"; otherwise, the value of obj.toString() is returned.
        See Also:
        Object.toString()

      • charAt

        public char charAt​(int index)
        Returns the char value at the specified index. An index ranges from 0 to length() - 1. The first char value of the sequence is at index 0, the next at index 1, and so on, as for array indexing.
        Specified by:
        charAt in interface CharSequence
        Parameters:
        index - the index of the char value.
        Returns:
        the char value at the specified index of this string. The first char value is at index 0.
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index argument is negative or not less than the length of this string.

      • compareTo

        public int compareTo​(String anotherString)
        Compares two strings lexicographically. The comparison is based on the Unicode value of each character in the strings. The character sequence represented by this String object is compared lexicographically to the character sequence represented by the argument string. The result is a negative integer if this String object lexicographically precedes the argument string. The result is a positive integer if this String object lexicographically follows the argument string. The result is zero if the strings are equal; compareTo returns 0 exactly when the equals(Object) method would return true.

        This is the definition of lexicographic ordering. If two strings are different, then either they have different characters at some index that is a valid index for both strings, or their lengths are different, or both. If they have different characters at one or more index positions, let k be the smallest such index; then the string whose character at position k has the smaller value, as determined by using the < operator, lexicographically precedes the other string. In this case, compareTo returns the difference of the two character values at position k in the two string -- that is, the value: 

         this.charAt(k) - anotherString.charAt(k)
        If there is no index position at which they differ, then the shorter string lexicographically precedes the longer string. In this case, compareTo returns the difference of the lengths of the strings -- that is, the value: 
         this.length() - anotherString.length()
        Specified by:
        compareTo in interface Comparable<String>
        Parameters:
        anotherString - the String to be compared.
        Returns:
        the value 0 if the argument string is equal to this string; a value less than 0 if this string is lexicographically less than the string argument; and a value greater than 0 if this string is lexicographically greater than the string argument.

      • compareToIgnoreCase

        public int compareToIgnoreCase​(String str)
        Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case differences. This method returns an integer whose sign is that of calling compareTo with normalized versions of the strings where case differences have been eliminated by calling Character.toLowerCase(Character.toUpperCase(character)) on each character.

        Note that this method does not take locale into account, and will result in an unsatisfactory ordering for certain locales. The java.text package provides collators to allow locale-sensitive ordering.

        Parameters:
        str - the String to be compared.
        Returns:
        a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the specified String is greater than, equal to, or less than this String, ignoring case considerations.

      • concat

        public String concat​(String str)
        Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.

        If the length of the argument string is 0, then this String object is returned. Otherwise, a new String object is created, representing a character sequence that is the concatenation of the character sequence represented by this String object and the character sequence represented by the argument string.

        Examples: 

         "cares".concat("s") returns "caress"
 "to".concat("get").concat("her") returns "together"
        Parameters:
        str - the String that is concatenated to the end of this String.
        Returns:
        a string that represents the concatenation of this object's characters followed by the string argument's characters.

      • contains

        public boolean contains​(CharSequence s)
        Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.
        Parameters:
        s - the sequence to search for
        Returns:
        true if this string contains s, false otherwise
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if s is null

      • contentEquals

        public boolean contentEquals​(CharSequence cs)
        Compares this string to the specified CharSequence. The result is true if and only if this String represents the same sequence of char values as the specified sequence.
        Parameters:
        cs - The sequence to compare this String against
        Returns:
        true if this String represents the same sequence of char values as the specified sequence, false otherwise

      • contentEquals

        public boolean contentEquals​(StringBuffer sb)
        Compares this string to the specified StringBuffer. The result is true if and only if this String represents the same sequence of characters as the specified StringBuffer.
        Parameters:
        sb - The StringBuffer to compare this String against
        Returns:
        true if this String represents the same sequence of characters as the specified StringBuffer, false otherwise

      • endsWith

        public boolean endsWith​(String suffix)
        Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.
        Parameters:
        suffix - the suffix.
        Returns:
        true if the character sequence represented by the argument is a suffix of the character sequence represented by this object; false otherwise. Note that the result will be true if the argument is the empty string or is equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method.

      • equals

        public boolean equals​(@Nullable
                      Object anObject)
        Compares this string to the specified object. The result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a String object that represents the same sequence of characters as this object.
        Overrides:
        equals in class Object
        Parameters:
        anObject - The object to compare this String against
        Returns:
        true if the given object represents a String equivalent to this string, false otherwise
        See Also:
        compareTo(String), equalsIgnoreCase(String)

      • equalsIgnoreCase

        public boolean equalsIgnoreCase​(String anotherString)
        Compares this String to another String, ignoring case considerations. Two strings are considered equal ignoring case if they are of the same length and corresponding characters in the two strings are equal ignoring case.

        Two characters c1 and c2 are considered the same ignoring case if at least one of the following is true:

        Parameters:
        anotherString - The String to compare this String against
        Returns:
        true if the argument is not null and it represents an equivalent String ignoring case; false otherwise
        See Also:
        equals(Object)

      • getBytes

        public byte[] getBytes()
        Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes using the platform's default charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
        Returns:
        The resultant byte array

      • getBytes

        public byte[] getBytes​(String charsetName)
                throws UnsupportedEncodingException
        Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes using the named charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
        Parameters:
        charsetName - The name of a supported charset
        Returns:
        The resultant byte array
        Throws:
        UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named charset is not supported

      • getChars

        public void getChars​(int srcBegin,
                     int srcEnd,
                     char[] dst,
                     int dstBegin)
        Copies characters from this string into the destination character array.

        The first character to be copied is at index srcBegin; the last character to be copied is at index srcEnd-1 (thus the total number of characters to be copied is srcEnd-srcBegin). The characters are copied into the subarray of dst starting at index dstBegin and ending at index: 

         dstbegin + (srcEnd - srcBegin) - 1
        Parameters:
        srcBegin - index of the first character in the string to copy.
        srcEnd - index after the last character in the string to copy.
        dst - the destination array.
        dstBegin - the start offset in the destination array.
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - If any of the following is true:
        • srcBegin is negative.
        • srcBegin is greater than srcEnd
        • srcEnd is greater than the length of this string
        • dstBegin is negative
        • dstBegin+(srcEnd-srcBegin) is larger than dst.length

      • hashCode

        public int hashCode()
        Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a String object is computed as 
         s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
        using int arithmetic, where s[i] is the ith character of the string, n is the length of the string, and ^ indicates exponentiation. (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
        Overrides:
        hashCode in class Object
        Returns:
        a hash code value for this object.
        See Also:
        Object.equals(java.lang.Object), System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)

      • indexOf

        public int indexOf​(int ch)
        Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character. If a character with value ch occurs in the character sequence represented by this String object, then the index (in Unicode code units) of the first such occurrence is returned. For values of ch in the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), this is the smallest value k such that: 
         this.charAt(k) == ch
        is true. For other values of ch, it is the smallest value k such that: 
         this.codePointAt(k) == ch
        is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string, then -1 is returned.
        Parameters:
        ch - a character (Unicode code point).
        Returns:
        the index of the first occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object, or -1 if the character does not occur.

      • indexOf

        public int indexOf​(int ch,
                   int fromIndex)
        Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character, starting the search at the specified index.

        If a character with value ch occurs in the character sequence represented by this String object at an index no smaller than fromIndex, then the index of the first such occurrence is returned. For values of ch in the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), this is the smallest value k such that: 

         (this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k >= fromIndex)
        is true. For other values of ch, it is the smallest value k such that: 
         (this.codePointAt(k) == ch) && (k >= fromIndex)
        is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string at or after position fromIndex, then -1 is returned.

        There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of this string: -1 is returned.

        All indices are specified in char values (Unicode code units).

        Parameters:
        ch - a character (Unicode code point).
        fromIndex - the index to start the search from.
        Returns:
        the index of the first occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object that is greater than or equal to fromIndex, or -1 if the character does not occur.

      • indexOf

        public int indexOf​(String str)
        Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.

        The returned index is the smallest value k for which: 

         this.startsWith(str, k)
        If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.
        Parameters:
        str - the substring to search for.
        Returns:
        the index of the first occurrence of the specified substring, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.

      • indexOf

        public int indexOf​(String str,
                   int fromIndex)
        Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.

        The returned index is the smallest value k for which: 

         k >= fromIndex && this.startsWith(str, k)
        If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.
        Parameters:
        str - the substring to search for.
        fromIndex - the index from which to start the search.
        Returns:
        the index of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.

      • intern

        public String intern()
        Returns a canonical representation for the string object.

        A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained privately by the class String.

        When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a string equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method, then the string from the pool is returned. Otherwise, this String object is added to the pool and a reference to this String object is returned.

        It follows that for any two strings s and t, s.intern() == t.intern() is true if and only if s.equals(t) is true.

        All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned. String literals are defined in section 3.10.5 of the The Java™ Language Specification.

        Returns:
        a string that has the same contents as this string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.

      • isEmpty

        public boolean isEmpty()
        Returns true if, and only if, length() is 0.
        Returns:
        true if length() is 0, otherwise false

      • lastIndexOf

        public int lastIndexOf​(int ch)
        Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character. For values of ch in the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), the index (in Unicode code units) returned is the largest value k such that: 
         this.charAt(k) == ch
        is true. For other values of ch, it is the largest value k such that: 
         this.codePointAt(k) == ch
        is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string, then -1 is returned. The String is searched backwards starting at the last character.
        Parameters:
        ch - a character (Unicode code point).
        Returns:
        the index of the last occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object, or -1 if the character does not occur.

      • lastIndexOf

        public int lastIndexOf​(int ch,
                       int fromIndex)
        Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character, searching backward starting at the specified index. For values of ch in the range from 0 to 0xFFFF (inclusive), the index returned is the largest value k such that: 
         (this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k <= fromIndex)
        is true. For other values of ch, it is the largest value k such that: 
         (this.codePointAt(k) == ch) && (k <= fromIndex)
        is true. In either case, if no such character occurs in this string at or before position fromIndex, then -1 is returned.

        All indices are specified in char values (Unicode code units).

        Parameters:
        ch - a character (Unicode code point).
        fromIndex - the index to start the search from. There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than or equal to the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to one less than the length of this string: this entire string may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
        Returns:
        the index of the last occurrence of the character in the character sequence represented by this object that is less than or equal to fromIndex, or -1 if the character does not occur before that point.

      • lastIndexOf

        public int lastIndexOf​(String str)
        Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring. The last occurrence of the empty string "" is considered to occur at the index value this.length().

        The returned index is the largest value k for which: 

         this.startsWith(str, k)
        If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.
        Parameters:
        str - the substring to search for.
        Returns:
        the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.

      • lastIndexOf

        public int lastIndexOf​(String str,
                       int fromIndex)
        Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward starting at the specified index.

        The returned index is the largest value k for which: 

         k <= fromIndex && this.startsWith(str, k)
        If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.
        Parameters:
        str - the substring to search for.
        fromIndex - the index to start the search from.
        Returns:
        the index of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward from the specified index, or -1 if there is no such occurrence.

      • length

        public int length()
        Returns the length of this string. The length is equal to the number of Unicode code units in the string.
        Specified by:
        length in interface CharSequence
        Returns:
        the length of the sequence of characters represented by this object.

      • regionMatches

        public boolean regionMatches​(boolean ignoreCase,
                             int toffset,
                             String other,
                             int ooffset,
                             int len)
        Tests if two string regions are equal.

        A substring of this String object is compared to a substring of the argument other. The result is true if these substrings represent character sequences that are the same, ignoring case if and only if ignoreCase is true. The substring of this String object to be compared begins at index toffset and has length len. The substring of other to be compared begins at index ooffset and has length len. The result is false if and only if at least one of the following is true:

        • toffset is negative.
        • ooffset is negative.
        • toffset+len is greater than the length of this String object.
        • ooffset+len is greater than the length of the other argument.
        • ignoreCase is false and there is some nonnegative integer k less than len such that: 
           this.charAt(toffset + k) != other.charAt(ooffset + k)
        • ignoreCase is true and there is some nonnegative integer k less than len such that: 
           Character.toLowerCase(this.charAt(toffset + k)) != Character.toLowerCase(other.charAt(ooffset + k))
          and: 
           Character.toUpperCase(this.charAt(toffset + k)) != Character.toUpperCase(other.charAt(ooffset + k))
        Parameters:
        ignoreCase - if true, ignore case when comparing characters.
        toffset - the starting offset of the subregion in this string.
        other - the string argument.
        ooffset - the starting offset of the subregion in the string argument.
        len - the number of characters to compare.
        Returns:
        true if the specified subregion of this string matches the specified subregion of the string argument; false otherwise. Whether the matching is exact or case insensitive depends on the ignoreCase argument.

      • regionMatches

        public boolean regionMatches​(int toffset,
                             String other,
                             int ooffset,
                             int len)
        Tests if two string regions are equal.

        A substring of this String object is compared to a substring of the argument other. The result is true if these substrings represent identical character sequences. The substring of this String object to be compared begins at index toffset and has length len. The substring of other to be compared begins at index ooffset and has length len. The result is false if and only if at least one of the following is true:

        • toffset is negative.
        • ooffset is negative.
        • toffset+len is greater than the length of this String object.
        • ooffset+len is greater than the length of the other argument.
        • There is some nonnegative integer k less than len such that: this.charAt(toffset+k) != other.charAt(ooffset+k)
        Parameters:
        toffset - the starting offset of the subregion in this string.
        other - the string argument.
        ooffset - the starting offset of the subregion in the string argument.
        len - the number of characters to compare.
        Returns:
        true if the specified subregion of this string exactly matches the specified subregion of the string argument; false otherwise.

      • replace

        public String replace​(char oldChar,
                      char newChar)
        Returns a new string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldChar in this string with newChar.

        If the character oldChar does not occur in the character sequence represented by this String object, then a reference to this String object is returned. Otherwise, a new String object is created that represents a character sequence identical to the character sequence represented by this String object, except that every occurrence of oldChar is replaced by an occurrence of newChar.

        Examples: 

         "mesquite in your cellar".replace('e', 'o')
         returns "mosquito in your collar"
 "the war of baronets".replace('r', 'y')
         returns "the way of bayonets"
 "sparring with a purple porpoise".replace('p', 't')
         returns "starring with a turtle tortoise"
 "JonL".replace('q', 'x') returns "JonL" (no change)
        Parameters:
        oldChar - the old character.
        newChar - the new character.
        Returns:
        a string derived from this string by replacing every occurrence of oldChar with newChar.

      • replace

        public String replace​(CharSequence target,
                      CharSequence replacement)
        Replaces each substring of this string that matches the literal target sequence with the specified literal replacement sequence. The replacement proceeds from the beginning of the string to the end, for example, replacing "aa" with "b" in the string "aaa" will result in "ba" rather than "ab".
        Parameters:
        target - The sequence of char values to be replaced
        replacement - The replacement sequence of char values
        Returns:
        The resulting string
        Throws:
        NullPointerException - if target or replacement is null.

      • startsWith

        public boolean startsWith​(String prefix)
        Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
        Parameters:
        prefix - the prefix.
        Returns:
        true if the character sequence represented by the argument is a prefix of the character sequence represented by this string; false otherwise. Note also that true will be returned if the argument is an empty string or is equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method.

      • startsWith

        public boolean startsWith​(String prefix,
                          int toffset)
        Tests if the substring of this string beginning at the specified index starts with the specified prefix.
        Parameters:
        prefix - the prefix.
        toffset - where to begin looking in this string.
        Returns:
        true if the character sequence represented by the argument is a prefix of the substring of this object starting at index toffset; false otherwise. The result is false if toffset is negative or greater than the length of this String object; otherwise the result is the same as the result of the expression 
                 this.substring(toffset).startsWith(prefix)

      • subSequence

        public CharSequence subSequence​(int beginIndex,
                                int endIndex)
        Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.

        An invocation of this method of the form 

         str.subSequence(begin, end)
        behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation 
         str.substring(begin, end)
        This method is defined so that the String class can implement the CharSequence interface.
        Specified by:
        subSequence in interface CharSequence
        Parameters:
        beginIndex - the begin index, inclusive.
        endIndex - the end index, exclusive.
        Returns:
        the specified subsequence.
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - if beginIndex or endIndex are negative, if endIndex is greater than length(), or if beginIndex is greater than startIndex

      • substring

        public String substring​(int beginIndex)
        Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The substring begins with the character at the specified index and extends to the end of this string.

        Examples: 

         "unhappy".substring(2) returns "happy"
 "Harbison".substring(3) returns "bison"
 "emptiness".substring(9) returns "" (an empty string)
        Parameters:
        beginIndex - the beginning index, inclusive.
        Returns:
        the specified substring.
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - if beginIndex is negative or larger than the length of this String object.

      • substring

        public String substring​(int beginIndex,
                        int endIndex)
        Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The substring begins at the specified beginIndex and extends to the character at index endIndex - 1. Thus the length of the substring is endIndex-beginIndex.

        Examples: 

         "hamburger".substring(4, 8) returns "urge"
 "smiles".substring(1, 5) returns "mile"
        Parameters:
        beginIndex - the beginning index, inclusive.
        endIndex - the ending index, exclusive.
        Returns:
        the specified substring.
        Throws:
        IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the beginIndex is negative, or endIndex is larger than the length of this String object, or beginIndex is larger than endIndex.

      • toCharArray

        public char[] toCharArray()
        Converts this string to a new character array.
        Returns:
        a newly allocated character array whose length is the length of this string and whose contents are initialized to contain the character sequence represented by this string.

      • toLowerCase

        public String toLowerCase()
        Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case using the rules of the default locale. This is equivalent to calling toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault()).
        Returns:
        the String, converted to lowercase.

      • toString

        public String toString()
        This object (which is already a string!) is itself returned.
        Specified by:
        toString in interface CharSequence
        Overrides:
        toString in class Object
        Returns:
        the string itself.

      • toUpperCase

        public String toUpperCase()
        Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case using the rules of the default locale. This method is equivalent to toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault()).
        Returns:
        the String, converted to uppercase.

      • trim

        public String trim()
        Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted.

        If this String object represents an empty character sequence, or the first and last characters of character sequence represented by this String object both have codes greater than '\u0020' (the space character), then a reference to this String object is returned.

        Otherwise, if there is no character with a code greater than '\u0020' in the string, then a new String object representing an empty string is created and returned.

        Otherwise, let k be the index of the first character in the string whose code is greater than '\u0020', and let m be the index of the last character in the string whose code is greater than '\u0020'. A new String object is created, representing the substring of this string that begins with the character at index k and ends with the character at index m-that is, the result of this.substring(k, m+1).

        This method may be used to trim whitespace (as defined above) from the beginning and end of a string.

        Returns:
        A copy of this string with leading and trailing white space removed, or this string if it has no leading or trailing white space.