java.io

Class PrintStream

java.lang.Object

java.io.OutputStream

java.io.FilterOutputStream

java.io.PrintStream

All Implemented Interfaces:

Closeable, Flushable, Appendable, AutoCloseable

public class PrintStream
extends FilterOutputStream
implements Appendable, Closeable

A PrintStream adds functionality to another output stream, namely the ability to print representations of various data values conveniently. Two other features are provided as well. Unlike other output streams, a PrintStream never throws an IOException; instead, exceptional situations merely set an internal flag that can be tested via the checkError method. Optionally, a PrintStream can be created so as to flush automatically; this means that the flush method is automatically invoked after a byte array is written, one of the println methods is invoked, or a newline character or byte ('\n') is written.

All characters printed by a PrintStream are converted into bytes using the platform's default character encoding.

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description
PrintStream(OutputStream out) Creates a new print stream.
PrintStream(OutputStream out, boolean autoFlush) Creates a new print stream.
PrintStream(OutputStream out, boolean autoFlush, String encoding) Creates a new print stream.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
PrintStream	append(char c) Appends the specified character to this output stream.
PrintStream	append(CharSequence csq) Appends the specified character sequence to this output stream.
PrintStream	append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this output stream.
boolean	checkError() Flushes the stream and checks its error state.
protected void	clearError() Clears the internal error state of this stream.
void	close() Closes the stream.
void	flush() Flushes the stream.
void	print(boolean b) Prints a boolean value.
void	print(char c) Prints a character.
void	print(char[] s) Prints an array of characters.
void	print(double d) Prints a double-precision floating-point number.
void	print(float f) Prints a floating-point number.
void	print(int i) Prints an integer.
void	print(long l) Prints a long integer.
void	print(Object obj) Prints an object.
void	print(String s) Prints a string.
void	println() Terminates the current line by writing the line separator string.
void	println(boolean x) Prints a boolean and then terminate the line.
void	println(char x) Prints a character and then terminate the line.
void	println(char[] x) Prints an array of characters and then terminate the line.
void	println(double x) Prints a double and then terminate the line.
void	println(float x) Prints a float and then terminate the line.
void	println(int x) Prints an integer and then terminate the line.
void	println(long x) Prints a long and then terminate the line.
void	println(Object x) Prints an Object and then terminate the line.
void	println(String x) Prints a String and then terminate the line.
protected void	setError() Sets the error state of the stream to true.
void	write(byte[] buf, int off, int len) Writes len bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset off to this stream.
void	write(int b) Writes the specified byte to this stream.

Methods inherited from class java.io.FilterOutputStream

write

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

PrintStream

public PrintStream(OutputStream out)

Creates a new print stream. This stream will not flush automatically.

Parameters:

out - The output stream to which values and objects will be printed

PrintStream

public PrintStream(OutputStream out,
                   boolean autoFlush)

Creates a new print stream.

Parameters:

out - The output stream to which values and objects will be printed

autoFlush - A boolean; if true, the output buffer will be flushed whenever a byte array is written, one of the println methods is invoked, or a newline character or byte ('\n') is written

PrintStream

public PrintStream(OutputStream out,
                   boolean autoFlush,
                   String encoding)
            throws UnsupportedEncodingException

Creates a new print stream.

Parameters:

out - The output stream to which values and objects will be printed

autoFlush - A boolean; if true, the output buffer will be flushed whenever a byte array is written, one of the println methods is invoked, or a newline character or byte ('\n') is written

encoding - The name of a supported character encoding

Throws:

UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named encoding is not supported

Method Detail

append

public PrintStream append(char c)

Appends the specified character to this output stream.

An invocation of this method of the form out.append(c) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation

 out.print(c)
 

Specified by:

append in interface Appendable

Parameters:

c - The 16-bit character to append

Returns:

This output stream

append

public PrintStream append(@Nullable
                          CharSequence csq)

Appends the specified character sequence to this output stream.

An invocation of this method of the form out.append(csq) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation

 out.print(csq.toString())
 

Depending on the specification of toString for the character sequence csq, the entire sequence may not be appended. For instance, invoking then toString method of a character buffer will return a subsequence whose content depends upon the buffer's position and limit.

Specified by:

append in interface Appendable

Parameters:

csq - The character sequence to append. If csq is null, then the four characters "null" are appended to this output stream.

Returns:

This output stream

append

public PrintStream append(@Nullable
                          CharSequence csq,
                          int start,
                          int end)

Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this output stream.

An invocation of this method of the form out.append(csq, start, end) when csq is not null, behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation

 out.print(csq.subSequence(start, end).toString())
 

Specified by:

append in interface Appendable

Parameters:

csq - The character sequence from which a subsequence will be appended. If csq is null, then characters will be appended as if csq contained the four characters "null".

start - The index of the first character in the subsequence

end - The index of the character following the last character in the subsequence

Returns:

This output stream

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - If start or end are negative, start is greater than end, or end is greater than csq.length()

checkError

public boolean checkError()

Flushes the stream and checks its error state. The internal error state is set to true when the underlying output stream throws an IOException other than InterruptedIOException, and when the setError method is invoked. If an operation on the underlying output stream throws an InterruptedIOException, then the PrintStream converts the exception back into an interrupt by doing:

 Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
 

or the equivalent.

Returns:

true if and only if this stream has encountered an IOException other than InterruptedIOException, or the setError method has been invoked

clearError

protected void clearError()

Clears the internal error state of this stream.

This method will cause subsequent invocations of checkError() to return false until another write operation fails and invokes setError().

close

public void close()

Closes the stream. This is done by flushing the stream and then closing the underlying output stream.

Specified by:

close in interface Closeable

Specified by:

close in interface AutoCloseable

Overrides:

close in class FilterOutputStream

See Also:

OutputStream.close()

flush

public void flush()

Flushes the stream. This is done by writing any buffered output bytes to the underlying output stream and then flushing that stream.

Specified by:

flush in interface Flushable

Overrides:

flush in class FilterOutputStream

See Also:

OutputStream.flush()

print

public void print(boolean b)

Prints a boolean value. The string produced by String.valueOf(boolean) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

b - The boolean to be printed

print

public void print(char c)

Prints a character. The character is translated into one or more bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

c - The char to be printed

print

public void print(char[] s)

Prints an array of characters. The characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

s - The array of chars to be printed

Throws:

NullPointerException - If s is null

print

public void print(double d)

Prints a double-precision floating-point number. The string produced by String.valueOf(double) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

d - The double to be printed

See Also:

Double.toString(double)

print

public void print(float f)

Prints a floating-point number. The string produced by String.valueOf(float) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

f - The float to be printed

See Also:

Float.toString(float)

print

public void print(int i)

Prints an integer. The string produced by String.valueOf(int) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

i - The int to be printed

See Also:

Integer.toString(int)

print

public void print(long l)

Prints a long integer. The string produced by String.valueOf(long) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

l - The long to be printed

See Also:

Long.toString(long)

print

public void print(@Nullable
                  Object obj)

Prints an object. The string produced by the String.valueOf(Object) method is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

obj - The Object to be printed

See Also:

Object.toString()

print

public void print(@Nullable
                  String s)

Prints a string. If the argument is null then the string "null" is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.

Parameters:

s - The String to be printed

println

public void println()

Terminates the current line by writing the line separator string. The line separator string is defined by the system property line.separator, and is not necessarily a single newline character ('\n').

println

public void println(boolean x)

Prints a boolean and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(boolean) and then println().

Parameters:

x - The boolean to be printed

println

public void println(char x)

Prints a character and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(char) and then println().

Parameters:

x - The char to be printed.

println

public void println(char[] x)

Prints an array of characters and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(char[]) and then println().

Parameters:

x - an array of chars to print.

println

public void println(double x)

Prints a double and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(double) and then println().

Parameters:

x - The double to be printed.

println

public void println(float x)

Prints a float and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(float) and then println().

Parameters:

x - The float to be printed.

println

public void println(int x)

Prints an integer and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(int) and then println().

Parameters:

x - The int to be printed.

println

public void println(long x)

Prints a long and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(long) and then println().

Parameters:

x - a The long to be printed.

println

public void println(@Nullable
                    Object x)

Prints an Object and then terminate the line. This method calls at first String.valueOf(x) to get the printed object's string value, then behaves as though it invokes print(String) and then println().

Parameters:

x - The Object to be printed.

println

public void println(@Nullable
                    String x)

Prints a String and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(String) and then println().

Parameters:

x - The String to be printed.

setError

protected void setError()

Sets the error state of the stream to true.

This method will cause subsequent invocations of checkError() to return true until clearError() is invoked.

write

public void write(byte[] buf,
                  int off,
                  int len)

Writes len bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset off to this stream. If automatic flushing is enabled then the flush method will be invoked.

Note that the bytes will be written as given; to write characters that will be translated according to the platform's default character encoding, use the print(char) or println(char) methods.

Overrides:

write in class FilterOutputStream

Parameters:

buf - A byte array

off - Offset from which to start taking bytes

len - Number of bytes to write

See Also:

FilterOutputStream.write(int)

write

public void write(int b)

Writes the specified byte to this stream. If the byte is a newline and automatic flushing is enabled then the flush method will be invoked.

Note that the byte is written as given; to write a character that will be translated according to the platform's default character encoding, use the print(char) or println(char) methods.

Overrides:

write in class FilterOutputStream

Parameters:

b - The byte to be written

See Also:

print(char), println(char)